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Who is a scholar?Ī scholar is any individual who engages in acts of scholarship within the academic domain and has an official affiliation with a college or university. Below, we first define important terminology and then describe how we identified scholars who have been the subject of a targeting incident from 2015 to mid-2021.
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A total of 426 targeting incidents were identified and almost three-quartersof them ( 314 out of 426 74%) resulted in some form of sanction. In the database, we include incidents in which scholars were targeted, regardless of the results of their targetings.
#The under fire professional
Not all demands for professional sanction result in the scholar being penalized. Available online: Detailed MethodologyįIRE researched targeting incidents involving scholars at public and private American institutions of higher education, including both community colleges and four-year institutions, from the year 2015 to mid-2021 (i.e., targeting incidents that occurred before July 31, 2021). The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education. Scholars under fire: The targeting of scholars for constitutionally protected speech from 2015 to present. Our gratitude goes to Komi German and Sean Stevens for conceptualizing and conducting this research, and for authoring this report. These rights include freedom of speech, freedom of association, due process, legal equality, religious liberty, and sanctity of conscience-the essential qualities of liberty.įor more information, visit or FIRE’s Twitter account, Acknowledgments The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization dedicated to defending and sustaining the individual rights of students and faculty members at America’s colleges and universities.
#The under fire free
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Scholars have long been targeted for sanction by ideological adversaries.